In the name of Allah
Assalamu aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu
Fiqh Hajj in English
Effects and purposes of Hajj
The aims and
purposes of Hajj and great and sublime. There follows an outline of some of
them:
1 – A sense of connection with the Prophets (peace be upon them) from our
father Ibraaheem who built the House, to our Prophet Muhammad the Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his respect for the
sanctity of Makkah. When the pilgrim visits the sacred places and performs the
rituals, he remembers the visist of those pure Prophets to this sacred place.
Muslim (241) narrated that Ibn ‘Abbaas said: We traveled with the Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) between Makkah and Madeenah,
and we passed by a valley. He said, “What valley is this?” They said, “The
valley of al-Azraq.” He said, “It is as if I can see Moosa the Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) putting his fingers in his
ears beseeching Allaah, reciting the Talbiyah and passing through this valley.”
Then we traveled on until we came to a mountain pass. He said, “What mountain
pass is this?” They said, “Harsha or Lift.” He said, “It is as if I can see
Yoonus on a red camel, wearing a woollen cloak, the reins of his camel made
from fibres of date-palm, passing through this valley reciting the Talbiyah.”
2 – The whiteness and cleanness of the pilgrims’ clothes is a sign of inward
purity, cleanness of heart and the purity of the message and the method. This
means putting aside all adornment and showing humity, and it is a reminder of
death when the deceased is shrouded in similar cloths. So it is as if he is
preparing to meet Allaah.
3 – Entering ihraam from the meeqaat is a physical expression of worship and
enslavement to Allaah, and of submission to His commands and laws. No one
passes it (without entering ihraam) because it is a command from Allaah and a
law that He has prescribed. This confirms the unity of the ummah and its
following one system with nod differentiation or exemptions with regard to the
definition of the meeqaats.
4 – Hajj is the symbol of Tawheed from the first moment the pilgrim enters
ihraam. Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah said, describing the Hajj of the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Then he started to say the words of
Tawheed, ‘“Labbayka Allaahumma labbayk, labbayka laa shareeka laka labbayk.
Inna al-hamd wa’l-ni’mata laka wa’l-mulk, laa shareeka lak (Here I am, O
Allaah, here I am. Here I am, You have no partner, here I am. Verily all praise
and blessings are Yours, and all sovereignty, You have no partner).’”
Narrated by Muslim, 2137; see question no. 21617
5 – It is a reminder of the Hereafter when all the people come together in one
place in ‘Arafah and elsewhere, with no differentiation between them. All of
them are equal in this place and no one is better than anyone else.
6 – Hajj is a symbol of unity, because Hajj makes all people the same in their
clothing, deeds, rituals, qiblah and the places they visit. So no one is better
than anyone else, king or slave, rich or poor, are all the same.
So the people are equal in terms of rights and duties. They are equal in this
sacred place, and differences in colour and nationality do not matter; no one
has the right to differentiate between them.
Unity of feelings, unity of rituals.
Unity in purpose, unity in action.
Unity in words. “People come from Adam, and Adam came from dust. No Arab is
superior to a non-Arab and no white man is superior to a black man, except in
terms of piety (taqwa).”
More than two million Muslims all standing in one place, wearing the same
clothes, sharing one aim, with one slogan, calling upon one Lord and following
one Prophet… what unity can be greater than this?
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Verily, those who disbelieved and hinder (men) from the path of Allaah, and
from Al‑Masjid Al‑Haraam (at Makkah) which We have made (open) to (all) men,
the dweller in it and the visitor from the country are equal there [as regards
its sanctity and pilgrimage (Hajj and ‘Umrah)] — and whoever inclines to evil
actions therein or to do wrong (i.e. practise polytheism and leave Islamic
Monotheism), him We shall cause to taste from a painful torment”
[al-Hajj 22:25]
7 – It trains him to be content with modest clothing and accommodation, when he
wears two pieces of cloth and it is sufficient for him, and his accommodation
gives him just enough room to sleep.
8 – Terrifying the kaafirs and followers of misguidance with this huge
gathering of Muslims. Even though they are scattered and different, the simple
fact that they come together despite those differences at a certain time and in
a certain place is indicative of their potential to unite at other times and in
other places.
9 – Pointing out the importance of Muslims coming together and establishing
harmony. For we see usually each person travelling on his own, whereas in Hajj
we see people coming in groups.
10 – Getting to know the situation of the Muslims from trustworthy sources,
since the Muslim can hear directly from his brother about the situation of his
Muslim brothers in the land from which he has come.
11 –Exchanging benefits and experience among the Muslims in general.
12 – Meeting scholars and decision makers from all countries and studying the
situation and needs of the Muslims, and the importance of cooperating with
them.
13 – Achieving true submission to Allaah by standing in the holy places when
the pilgrim leaves al-Masjid al-Haraam which is the best of spots, and standing
in ‘Arafah.
14 – Forgiveness of sins, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: “Whoever does Hajj and does not speak any obscene words or
commit any sin will go back cleansed of sin as on the day his mother bore him.”
15 – Opening the doors of hope to those who commit sin, and teaching them to
give up their sin in these holy places, so that they will give up a lot of
their bad habits during the period of Hajj and its rituals.
16 – Proclaiming that Islam is the religion of organization, because during
Hajj the rituals and time are organized, with every action done in the place
and at the time defined for it.
17 – Training oneself to spend in charitable ways and to avoid miserliness. The
pilgrim spends a great deal of money for the sake of Hajj, on travel expenses,
on the road and in the sacred places.
18 – Increasing piety and making the heart fit to honour the Symbols of Allaah.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“and whosoever honours the Symbols of Allaah, then it is truly, from the piety
of the hearts”
[al-Hajj 22:32]
19 – Training the rich to give up their distinct clothing and accommodation and
making them equal with the poor in clothing and in the rituals of tawaaf, saa’i
and stoning the jamaraat. This teaches them to be humble and to realise the
insignificance of this worldly life.
20 – The pilgrim persists in worshipping and remembering Allaah during the days
of Hajj, moving from one sacred place to the next, from one action to another.
This is a kind of intensive training in worship and remembrance of Allaah.
21 – Training oneself to be kind to people – so the pilgrim guides those who
are lost, teaches those who are ignorant, helps the poor, and supports the
disabled and weak.
22 – Developing good characteristics such as forbearance and putting up with
annoyance from people, because the pilgrim will inevitably be exposed to
crowding and arguments, etc. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“The Hajj (pilgrimage) is (in) the well-known (lunar year) months (i.e. the
10th month, the 11th month and the first ten days of the 12th month of the
Islamic calendar, i.e. two months and ten days). So whosoever intends to
perform Hajj therein (by assuming Ihraam), then he should not have sexual
relations (with his wife), nor commit sin, nor dispute unjustly during the
Hajj.”
[al-Baqarah 2:197]
23 – Training oneself to be patient and to put up with difficulties such as
heat, long distances, being apart from one’s family, going back and forth
between the holy sites and crowded conditions therein.
24 – Learning to give up one's usual habits and the things that one is
comfortable with, because the pilgrim has to uncover his head and give up his
regular clothes, and leave behind the accommodation, food and drink that he is
used to.
25 – When the pilgrim does saa’i between al-Safa and al-Marwah, he remembers
that the one who obeys Allaah and puts his trust in Him and turns to Him, He
will not let him down, rather He will raise high the esteem in which he is
held. When Haajar the mother of Ismaa’eel (peace be upon them both) said to
Ibraaheem, “Has Allaah commanded you to do this?” he said, “Yes.” She said,
“Then He will not let us down.” So Allaah raised high the esteem in which she
was held and the people, including the Prophets, started to run between the two
hills as she had done.
26 – Teaching oneself not to despair of the mercy of Allaah, no matter how
great one's worries and distress. For the way out is in Allaah’s hand. The
mother of Ismaa’eel thought her son was about to die, and she started to run
from one mountain to the other, looking for a solution, and it came to her from
a source she could never imagine when the angel came down and struck the
ground, and out came the water of Zamzam with its healing for diseases of the
heart and body.
27 – The pilgrim remembers that in doing these rituals he is the guest of the
most Merciful. The gathering of Hajj is not at the invitation of any government
or organization or king or president, rather it is the invitation of the Lord
of the Worlds Who has made it an occasion on which the Muslims meet on a
footing of equality in which no one is superior to anyone else. Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
“And proclaim to mankind the Hajj (pilgrimage). They will come to you on foot
and on every lean camel, they will come from every deep and distant (wide)
mountain highway (to perform Hajj).
That they may witness things that are of benefit to them (i.e. reward of Hajj
in the Hereafter, and also some worldly gain from trade)”
[al-Hajj 22:27-28]
Al-Nasaa’i (2578) narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The guests of Allaah are
three: the warrior for the sake of Allaah, the pilgrim performing Hajj and the
pilgrim performing ‘Umrah.” Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh
al-Nasaa’i, 2464.
28 – Strengthening bonds with the believers, as represented in the words of the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Your blood,
your honour and your wealth are sacred to you as this day of yours in this
month of yours in this land of yours is sacred.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 65;
Muslim, 3180.
29 – The season of Hajj is distinguished by complete separation from the people
of shirk and kufr who are forbidden to attend any part of it. It is forbidden
for them to enter the Haram at any time, no matter what their purpose. Allaah
says (interpretation of the meaning):
“O you who believe (in Allaah’s Oneness and in His Messenger Muhammad)! Verily,
the Mushrikoon (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, disbelievers in the Oneness of
Allaah, and in the Message of Muhammad) are Najasun (impure). So let them not
come near Al‑Masjid Al-Haraam (at Makkah) after this year; and if you fear
poverty, Allaah will enrich you if He wills, out of His Bounty. Surely, Allaah
is All-Knowing, All-Wise”
[al-Tawbah 9:28]
Al-Bukhaari narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: “Abu Bakr (may Allaah be pleased
with him) sent me as an announcer on that Hajj [which the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) appointed Abu Bakr to lead in 9 AH], to
announce on the Day of Sacrifice in Mina that after this year no mushrik might
perform Hajj and no one might circumambulate the House naked.”
And Allaah knows best. May Allaah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet
Muhamamd and upon his family and companions.
Preface
Praise
be to Allah, Lord of the Universe. May peace and blessings be upon Muhammad,
the last of the prophets and messengers, and upon his family and esteemed companions.
Hajj is
one of the best forms of worship and is one of the most sublime deeds because
it is one of the pillars of Islam that Allah sent Muhammad(may the peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him)with. A servant's religion is incomplete without
it.
A form
of worship is only acceptable when the following is true.
1. One
devotes it to Allah alone, with a desire for the Hereafter. It cannot be done
with the intention of being seen among men or for worldly gain.
2. One
follows the Prophet's example, in words deeds. This cannot accomplished except
knowledge of the Sunnah.
There
are three forms of Hajj:
Tamattu'-Ifraad-Qiran
Tamattu':
A pilgrim wears Ihram for Umrah only during the
months of Hajj, which means when he reaches Makkah, he makes Tawaf and Sa'yi
for Umrah. He then shaves or clips his hair. On the day of Tarwiya, which is
the eighth of Dhul-Hijja, he puts on his Ihram for Hajj only and carries out
all of its requirements.
Ifraad: A pilgrim wears Ihram for Hajj only. When he reaches Makkah, he
performs Tawaf for his arrival and Sa'yi for Hajj. He doesn't shave or clip his
hair as he doesn't disengage from Ihram. Instead, he remains in Ihram till
after he stones Jamrah Al-Aqaba on the Eid day. It is permissible for him to
postpone his Sa'yi for Hajj until after his Tawaf for Hajj.
Qiran: A pilgrim wears Ihram for both Umrah and Hajj or he wears Ihram
first for Umrah, then makes intentions for Hajj before his Tawaf for Hajj. The
obligations on one performing Ifraad are the same as those on one performing
Qiran, except that the latter must slaughter whereas the former is not
obligated to do so. The best of the three forms is Tamattu'. It is the form
that the prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) encouraged
his followers to perform. Even if a pilgrim makes intentions to perform Qiran
or Ifraad he is allowed to change his intentions to Tamattu'; he can do this
even after he has performed Tawaf and Sa'yi.
When
the Prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed Tawaf
and Sa'yi during the year of the Farewell Hajj with his companions, he ordered
all those who hadn't brought sacrificial animals to change their intentions for
Hajj to intentions for Umrah. cut their hair, and disengage from Ihram till
Hajj. He said, " If I hadn't brought the sacrificial animal, I'd have done
what I've ordered you to do."
If a
pilgrim wishes to be ritually pure for Umrah, he should shed his clothing and
bathe as he would after sexual defilement, if convenient. He should perfume his
head and beard with the best oil he can find. There is no harm in what remains
of it after Ihram.
Bathing
for Ihram is Sunnah for both men and women, including menstruating women and
those experiencing postnatal bleeding. After bathing and preparing himself, a.
pilgrim, other than those menstruating or experiencing postnatal bleeding,
prays the obligatory prayer, if it is time. Otherwise, he makes his intention
by praying the two Sunnah Rakass which are made each time Wudhu is performed.
When he
finishes his prayer he should say: "Here I am for Umrah, here I am, Oh
Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have no partner. Here I am. Surely all praise,
grace and dominion is yours, and you have no partner." [Talbeeyah].
A man
raises his voice when saying this and a woman says it so that only one beside
her may hear her.
One in
Ihram should say the Talbeeyah as often as possible, especially when times and
places change. For example: when descending or ascending during travel or when
day or night approach. He should also ask Allah for His pleasure, for Heaven
and seek refuge in Allah's mercy from Hellfire.
One
should say the Talbeeyah during Umrah, starting from the time he puts on his
Ihram till he starts Tawaf. During Hajj he should say it starting from the time
he puts on his Ihram till he starts to stone Jamrah Al-Aqaba on the Eid day.
When a
pilgrim enters the Holy Mosque he puts forth his right foot first and says:
"In the name of Allah, may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of
Allah. Oh Allah, forgive me my sins and open to me the doors of Your mercy. I
seek refuge in Allah the Almighty and in His Eminent Face and in His Eternal
Dominion from the accursed Satan."
He
approaches the Black Stone, touches it with his right hand and kisses it. If
this isn't possible, he should face the Black Stone and point to it.
It is
best not to push and shove, causing harm and being harmed by other people.
When
touching the Stone, a pilgrim should say the following: "In the name of
Allah, Allah is the greatest. Oh, Allah, with faith in you, belief in Your
book, loyalty to you, compliance to the way of your Prophet Muhammad (may the
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)."
A
pilgrim must walk, keeping the Ka'bah on his left. When he reaches the Rukn Al
Yamani he should touch, but not kiss it, and say: " Our Lord, grant us good
in this life and good in the hereafter and save us from the punishment of the
Hell fire. Oh Allah, I beg of You for forgiveness and health in this life and
in the Hereafter."
Each
time he passes the Black Stone he should say: "Allah is the
Greatest."
During
the remainder of his Tawaf he may say what he pleases of supplications,
mentioning Allah, and recitation of Quran. This is because Tawaf, Sa'yi, and
Stoning the Jamrah have been devised for the purpose of mentioning Allah.
During
this Tawaf it is necessary for a man to do two things:
1.
Al-ldhtebaa' from the beginning of Tawaf until the end. Al-ldhtebaa' means
placing the middle of one's Reda' under his right arm and the ends of it over
his left shoulder.
When he
is finished performing Tawaf, he may return his Reda' to its original state
because the time for Idhtebaa' is only during Tawaf.
2.
Al-Raml during the first three circuits. Al-Raml means speeding up one's pace
with small steps. A pilgrim should walk at a normal pace during his last four
circuits.
When he
completes seven circuits of Tawaf, he approaches Maqam Ibrahim and recites:
"And take ye the station of Abraham as a place of Prayer" Chapter 2,
Verse 125 [2:125].
He
prays two short Rakaas, as close as conveniently possible, behind Maqam
Ibrahim. During the first Rakaa he recites Surah Al-Kafirun [Chapter 109] and
during the second one Surah Al-lkhlas[Chapter 112].
When he
completes the two Rakaas he should return to the Black Stone and touch it, if
convenient. He goes out to the Mesa'a and when he nears As-Safaa he recites:
" Verily As-Safaa and Al-Marwah are among the shrines of Allah "
[2:158].
He
ascends As-Safaa until he is able to see the Ka'bah. Facing the Ka'bah and
raising his hands, he praises Allah and makes any supplications he chooses. The
Prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed thus:
"There is no Deity but Allah alone," three times, supplicating in
between.
He
descends As-Safaa and heads for Al-Marwah at a normal pace until he reaches the
green marker. He should then run fast until the next green marker. He continues
toward Al-Marwah at a normal pace. When he reaches it, he ascends it, faces the
Qibla, raises his hands and repeats what he said on As-Safaa. He descends
Al-Marwah heading towards As-Safaa, taking care to walk where walking is
designated, and run where running is designated.
He
continues this procedure until he completes seven laps. Going from As-Safaa to
Al-Marwah is a lap and returning is another lap.
During
his Sa'yi he may recite what he wills of supplications, recitation of Qur'an,
and mentioning Allah.
In
completion of Sa'yi he shaves his head. A woman clips her hair the length of a
finger tip.
Shaving
is preferable, except when Hajj is near and there isn't sufficient time for
hair to grow back. In this case it's best to clip so that hair will remain for
shaving during Hajj.
With
that, Umrah is completed. and a pilgrim is free to dress in other clothing,
wear perfume and engage in marital relations, etc.
In the
forenoon of the eighth day of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim purifies himself once again
by bathing as he did before Umrah in the place in which he is staying, if
convenient. He puts on his Ihram and says: " Here I am for Hajj. Here I
am, oh Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have no partner. Here I am. Surely all
praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no partners."
If he
fears that something will prevent him from completing his Hajj he should make a
condition when he makes his intentions, saying: " If I am prevented by any
obstacle my place is wherever I am held up." If he has no such fear, he
doesn't make this condition.
A
pilgrim goes to Mina and there prays Dhuhr, Asr, Magrib, Isha and Fajr,
shortening his four unit prayers so as to make them two units each, without
combining them.
When
the sun rises, he goes to Arafah and there prays Dhuhr and Asr combined at the
time of Dhuhr, making each one two units. He remains in Namira Mosque until
sunset if possible. He remembers Allah and makes as many supplications as
possible while facing the Qibla.
The
Prophet (may the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) prayed thus:
"There is no Deity but Allah alone. He has no partner. All dominion and
praise are His and He is powerful over all things.
If he
grows weary it is permissible for him to engage in beneficial conversation with
his companions or reading what he can find of beneficial books, especially
those concerning Allah's grace and abundant gifts. This will strengthen his
hope in Allah.
He
should then return to his supplications and be sure to spend the end of the day
deep in supplication because the best of supplication is the supplication of
the day of Arafah.
At
sunset he goes from Arafah to Muzdalifah and there prays Magrib, Isha, and
Fajr. If he is tired or has little water, it is permissible for him to combine
Magrib and Isha. If he fears that he will not reach Muzdalifah until after
midnight, he should pray before he reaches it for it is not permissible to
delay prayer until after midnight. He remains there, in Muzdalifah, making
supplications and remembering Allah till just before sunrise.
If he
is weak and cannot handle the crowd during Ar-Ramy, it is permissible for him
to go to Mina at the end of the night to stone the Jamrah before the arrival of
the crowd.
Near
sunrise, a pilgrim goes from Muzdalifah to Mina. Upon reaching it he does the
following:
a) He
throws seven consecutive pebbles at Jamrah Al-Aqaba which is the closest
monument to Makkah, saying Greatest," as he : "Allah is the throws
each pebble.
b) He
slaughters the sacrificial animal, eats some of it, and gives some to the poor.
Slaughter is obligatory on the Mutamati and Qiran.
c) He
shaves or clips his hair; shaving is preferable. A woman clips her hair the
length of a finger tip.
These
three should be done in the above order if convenient, but there is no
restriction if one precedes another.
With
that, one is allowed to come out of Ihram. He can wear other clothing and do
everything that was lawful before Ihram except engaging in marital relations.
He goes
to Makkah to perform Tawaf Al-lfadha and Sa'yi, also for Hajj. It is Sunnah to
put perfume on before going to Makkah.
With
the completion of this Tawaf and Sa'yi, a pilgrim is allowed to do everything
that was lawful before Ihram, including engaging in marital relations.
After
performing Tawaf and Sa'yi, he returns to Mina to spend the nights of the
eleventh and twelfth days there.
He
stones the three Jamrah in the afternoon of both the eleventh and twelfth days.
He starts with the first Jamrah, which is furthest from Makkah, then the middle
one, and lastly Jamrah Al-Aqaba. Each one should be stoned with seven
consecutive pebbles accompanied by Takbeer. He stops after the first and middle
Jamrah to make supplications facing the Qibla. It is not permissible to stone
before noon on these two days. It is best to walk to the Jamrah, but riding is
permissible.
If he
is in a hurry after stoning on the twelfth day, he leaves Mina before sunset.
But if he wishes to prolong his stay, which is best, he spends the night of the
thirteenth in Mina and stones that afternoon in the same manner as on the
twelfth day.
When he
is ready to return to his country, he makes Tawaf Al-Wadaa, which is seven
circuits around the Ka'bah. Menstruating women and women experiencing postnatal
discharge are not obligated to perform Tawaf Al-Wadaa.
1. A
pilgrim goes to Madina before or after Hajj with the intention of visiting the
Prophet's mosque and praying in it. Prayer there is better than a thousand
prayers elsewhere except in the Holy Mosque in Makkah.
2. Upon
reaching the mosque he prays two Rakaas of salutation or performs any
obligatory prayer that is due.
3. He
goes to the grave of the Prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him) and he stands before it. He greets him saying the " May the peace, mercy,
and blessings of Allah be upon you, oh Prophet. May Allah grant you a good
reward on behalf of your people. "
He
takes a step or two to his right to position himself before Abu-Bakr and greets
him saying : "May the peace, mercy, and blessing of Allah be upon you. oh
Abu-Bakr, Caliph of the Messenger of Allah. May Allah be pleased with you and
grant you a good reward on behalf of Muhammad's people."
Then he
takes a step or two to his right to position himself before Umar and greets him
saying: " May the peace, mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you, oh
Umar, Prince of the believers. May Allah be pleased with you and grant you a
good reward on behalf of Muhammad's people."
4. In a
state of purity, he goes to pray in Qubaa Mosque.
5. He
goes to Al-Baqee to visit Uthman's grave (may Allah be pleased with him). He
stands before it and greets him saying: "May the peace, mercy and blessing
of Allah be upon you,
oh
Uthman Prince of the believers. May Allah be pleased with you and grant you a
good reward on behalf of Muhammad's people." He greets any other Muslims
in Al-Baqee.
6. He
goes to Uhud and visits the grave of Hamza (may Allah be pleased with him) and
the other martyrs there with him. He greets them and preys to Allah to grant
them forgiveness, mercy, and pleasure.
The
following is incumbent upon the Muhrim for Hajj or Umrah:
1. That
he be committed to Allah's religious obligations upon him such as prayer in its
time (in congregation for men).
2. That
he avoids what Allah has prohibited such as obscenity, inequity, and
disobedience. if anyone undertakes Hajj therein. Let there be no obscenity, nor
wickedness, nor wrangling during Hajj ~ [2:197].
3. That
he avoids harming the Muslims with words or actions within the Masha'ir or
elsewhere.
4. That
he avoids all of the restrictions of Ihram:
a. He
shouldn't cause the loss of any of his hair or nails. A prick by a thorn and
the like is unobjectionable, even if there is bleeding.
b. He
shouldn't perfume himself, his clothing, his food or his drink after entering
Ihram. He should also abstain from cleansing himself with scented soap. There
is no harm in what remains of the effect of perfume used prior to Ihram.
c. He
shouldn't touch, kiss, etc. his spouse out of passion and, even worse,
shouldn't have sexual intercourse.
e. He
shouldn't be wed or propose to a woman for himself or others. f. He shouldn't
wear gloves, although there is no harm in wrapping the hands in cloth. This
ruling goes for both men and women.
a) He
cannot cover his head with something that touches it, although there is no harm
in the use of an umbrella, the roof of a car or tent for shade. There is also
no harm in carrying his baggage atop his head. b) He cannot wear a shirt,
turban, hooded cloak trousers, or shoes. Only if he is unable to obtain an Ezar
or sandals can he wear trousers or shoes.
c) He
cannot wear anything with the same qualities of the above mentioned such as an
Abea', Qubaa, hat, undershirt, etc.
It is
permissible for him to wear sandals, rings, glasses, a hearing aid. a watch,
worn on his wrist or hung from his neck, or a speech aid. It is permissible for
him to cleanse himself with unscented cleansers and to wash and scratch his
head and body, even if some of his hair falls unintentionally. In such a case
there is no obligation on him because of it.
A woman
cannot wear a Niqab or Burqa'. The Sunnah is for her to uncover her face except
if men not related to her might see her, in which case it is obligatory for her
to cover her face during Ihram and otherwise.
Allah
is the giver of success. May His blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and all
of his family and companions.
By the needy before Allah, Muhammad
As-Salih Al-Uthaimeen
Abaya': cloak like, woolen wrap.
Abu Bakr: first Muslim Caliph.
Al-Baqee': a place in Madina.
Al-ldhtebaa:placing the middle of the Reda' under the right arm and the ends of
it over the left shoulder during Tawaf.
Al-lkhlas: Chapter 112 (Purity of Faith).
Al-Kafirun: Chapter 109 of the Qur'an ( Those who reject Faith).
AlMarwah: name of the hillock where a Muslim begins Sa'yi.
Al-Raml: walking quickly but with small steps during the first three circuits
of Tawaf.
Arafah: the most important stop during Hajj, located beyond Muzdalifah.
Ar-Ramy-- The Stoning.
As-Safaa: name of the hillock where a Muslim ends his last lap of Sa'yi.
Asr: the afternoon prayer.
Burqa': a face veil like a Niqab.
Dhul-Hijja: the twelfth month of the Islamic calendar.
Dhuhr: the noon prayer.
Eid: celebration for Muslims.
Ezaar: lower cloth of Ihram.
Fajr: dawn prayer.
Hajj: official Muslim pilgrimage to Makkah.
Hamza: one of the Prophet's uncles and a martyr during the battle of Uhud.
Ifraad: isolated form of Hajj.
Ihram: the ceremonial state of making Hajj or the Hajj garments themselves.
Isha night prayer.
Jamrah: Monument in Mina.
Jamrah Al-Aqaba: the monument closest to Makkah.
Ka'bah: the house of Allah in the Holy Mosque in Makkah.
Magrib: dusk prayer.
Maqam Ibrahim: the stepping stone of the prophet Abraham.
Mes'aa: the stretch between As-Safaa and Al-Marwah.
Masha'ir: ceremonial shrines.
Mina: one of the ceremonial shrines, a valley near Makkah.
Muhammad-- the last of the prophets, the prophet of Islam.
Muhrim: a person in Ihram.
Mutamati: a pilgrim performing Hajj Tamattu'.
Muzdalifah: one of the ceremonial shrines of Hajj, between Mina and Arafah.
Namira: mosque in Mina.
Niqab: a face veil revealing the eyes through slashes
Qiran: a pilgrim performing Hajj Qiran.
Qibla: the direction Muslims face to pray.
Qiraan: Accompanied form of Hajj.
Quba: a mosque in Madina, used to be on the outskirts.
Qur'an: the Book of Allah.
Rakaa: a unit of prayer.
Reda': the upper cloth of Ihram.
Rukn Al-Yamani: the corner of the Ka'bah which faces Yemen.
Sa'yi: the walk made between As-Safaa and Al-Marwah.
Sunnah: way of the Prophet.
Surah: a chapter of the Qur'an.
Takbeer: saying "Allahu Akbar ("Allah is Greatest")
Talbeeya: the supplication a Muslim recites once he is in Ihram and has made
his intention.
Tamattu': enjoyable form of Hajj.
Tarwiyya: the eighth of Dhul-Hijja.
Tawaf: circumambulation of the Ka'bah
Tawaf Al-lfadha: tawaf for Hajj.
Tawaf Al-Wadaa: farewell Tawaf.
Uhud: the name of a mountain in Medina and the site of the battle by this name.
Umar: the second Muslim Caliph and first Prince of the believers.
Umrah-minor Hajj: the combination of Tawaf and Sa'yi.
Uthman: the third Muslim Caliph and second Prince of the believers.
Wudhu: ablution.
Tamattu` Hajj
Tamattu` means performing `Umrah
during the Hajj season, and on the Day of Tarwiah a pilgrim gets into the state
of Ihram for Hajj. Anyone intending to perform a Tamattu`` Hajj should on
approaching the Miqat make intention for `Umrah. After fulfilling the Hajj rituals,
one should offer a sacrificial animal.
Qiran Hajj
In this type of Hajj, a pilgrim
should declare his intention to perform both Hajj and `Umrah together. Only
when he throws the Jamrah of Al-`Aqabah, gets his hair shaved or cut that he
can put off his Ihram. However, he should offer a sacrificial animal
Ifrad Hajj
In the Miqat, a pilgrim of Ifrad
Hajj declares his intention for Hajj only. He maintains his Ihram up to the Day
of Sacrifice. No offering is required from him.
Umrah
Rituals of `Umrah
In Arabic the word `Umrah is
derived from I`timar which means a visit. However, `Umrah technically means
paying a visit to Ka`bah, performing Tawaf [Circumambulation] around it,
walking between Safa and Marwah seven times. A performer of `Umrah puts off his
Ihram by having his hair shaved or cut.
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HAJJ & UMRAH
(STEP BY
STEP)
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Click
here for the rules and more details of Hajj and Umrah. For just the
procedure to perform the rites correctly, read the following description.
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In this article the procedure to wear Ihram and to perform the rites
of Hajj and Umrah are presented in a simplified way. Also included is the
procedure to visit the Holy Prophet (pbuh)'s Tomb and his Mosque.
1.
IHRAM
The literal meaning of Ihram is to make haraam
(forbidden). When a haji pronounces the Niyyah (intention) of Hajj and
Umrah and utters Talbiyah, certain halaal (permissible) things become
haraam for him. This combined action (Niyyah and Talbiyah) is called Ihram. The
two sheets that a haji wears are figuratively known as Ihram but the real Ihram
is Niyyah & Talbiyah. If someone wears these two sheets and does not
declare his intention and utter Talbiyah, he does not become a Muhrim.
That is why, before Niyyah and Talbiyah, he can cover his head during two rakahs
of Nafl, an act which is not allowed in the real state of Ihram.
PROCEDURE
- Preparations for Ihram. Comb your
hair, shape the beard, trim your mustache, cut your nails, and remove
unwanted body hair.
- Purification. Take a bath with the
intention of Ihram otherwise do wudu. Here it is noted that there
are two ways of purification:
- Purification of the body, shower or wudu.
- Internal purification, sincere repentance on your sins. Say
something like this: "O Allah, I sincerely repent on my sins and
seek your forgiveness."
- Ihram Sheets. Men should wear a
sheet of white cloth around the waist and cover the upper body with the
other sheet. Women's ordinary clothes are their Ihram. Men should wear the
flip-flops (hawai chappal) so that the middle bones of the upper
part of the feet are not covered.
- Nafl Salah. If it is not makruh
(undesirable) time, offer two rakahs of nafl for Ihram by covering your
heads.
- Advice. If going to Jeddah by an
airplane, it is convenient to get into the status of Ihram inside the
plane. Here is what you do. Do everything at home or at the airport except
Niyyah (intention) and Talbiyah. Have your shower, pray two rakahs
of nafl but you are still not in the status of ihram because
you haven't done the main thing yet, i.e., intention and Talbiyah which is
done at or before the boundary line called Miqat.
Go to the airplane and
sit down with the white sheets on. In a Hajj flight when you are close to Miqat,
the pilot will announce that this is the border line to make your intention and
to say Talbiyah. Those who did not change their clothes before should do so now
although it is not convenient inside the plane. Please note that:
- It is a good idea to ask at the time of boarding if the
arrival of Miqat will be announced by the pilot. If not, make your
intention and say Talbiyah on your own approximately one hour before you
reach Jeddah.
- If you are flying with a group, follow the instructions of the
group leader.
- Intention and Talbiyah. Now uncover
your head and declare your intention. It is assumed that you are
performing Hajj al-Tammat'u in which Umrah is performed first as described
later in the "Kinds of Hajj".
"O Allah! I intend to perform Umrah. Please make it easy for me
and accept it from me. Amen."
Immediately after that
utter the words of Talbiyah three times and as often afterwards as possible. If
you don't remember it, you can say its translation in English or in any other
language but Talbiah or its translation is pronounced in a loud voice by men
and in a subdued voice by women.
TALBIYAH
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"Labbayk,
Allahumma Labbayk.
Labbayk.
La shareeka laka.
Labbayk.
Innal-hamda wan-n'imata
laka wal-mulk.
La shareeka lak."
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( Here we come,
O Allah, here we come !
Here we come.
No partner have You.
Here we come!
Praise indeed, and blessings, are Yours---
the Kingdom too!
No partner have You!)
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- Du'a. After this recite Darud
Sharif and supplicate to Allah Almighty any du'a in Arabic or
in your own language.
- Prohibitions of Ihram. After
intention and Talbiyah, you are in the status of Ihram and from this time
on you should not do acts that are forbidden in Ihram , for example, here
are some of the things a muhrim must not do:
- Cover head (men), cover face (women)
- Cover the middle bone of the upper part of the feet (Both men
and women))
- Shave / cut hair
- Cut nails
- Wear perfume
- Wear stitched clothing (men) / (Women can wear their ordinay
clothes)
- Hunting / killing
- Sex
- Journey towards Makkah. When this
sacred journey towards Makkah al-Mukarrama starts, recite Talbiyah
frequently on the way. Then enter the city very humbly and with great
fondness still reciting Talbiyah.
After arranging for your
residence, proceed to the Haram Sharif to perform Umrah.
2.
HAJJ
KINDS OF HAJJ
There are three ways of performing the Hajj:
- Hajj al-Tamatt'u (Interrupted)
This is the easiest way of performing Hajj as described below.
- Hajj al-Qiran (Combined)
This denotes entering into ihram for both Umrah and Hajj at the same time,
not taking it off until the day of sacrifice at Mina.
In Qiran one has to stick to the long-lasting restrictions of Ihram
- Hajj al-Ifrad (Single)
This means entering into ihram only for the Hajj and taking it off only on
the day of sacrifice.
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HAJJ AL-TAMATT'U
People who come to Saudi
Arabia from other countries usually perform Hajj al-Tamatt'u. The Ihram they
wear on or before Miqat is for Umrah only and perform Umrah first, then they
slip into their ordinary clothes and on 8 Zil Hijjah they put on Ihram
for Hajj at their residence in Makkah and perform the rites of Hajj. It is
taken off on the day of sacrifice. This article describes the procedure to
perform Hajj al-Tamatt'u.
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THE RITES OF UMRAH: The
only rites of Umrah are:
- Entering the state of Ihram
- Tawaf of Ka’bah
- Sa’yee between the hills of Safa and Marwah
- Shaving or clipping of the hair
IHRAM FOR UMRAH AND ENTERING MASJID AL-HARAM
- Ihram: You should be already in
Ihram for Umrah before entering Mecca as mentioned above.
- Entering Masjid al-Haram: While
reciting Talbiyah, enter Masjid al-Haram preferably through Bab
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as-Salam with right foot first. Supplicate to Allah
and proceed towards Ka’bah. You may recite the following supplication which
is usually used before entering a mosque:
Allah huma aftah li abwabe rahmate ka
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- First Sight: At the first sight of
Ka’bah, keep your eyes fixed at Baitullah and standing at one side, it is
suggested that you do the following:
- Say Allahu Akbar three times
- Say La Ilaha Illallah three times
- Proclaim Darud on our beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) and
very humbly and with tears in your eyes supplicate to Allah for whatever
you wish. This is a special time for the acceptance of prayers.
The idea is to praise and glorify your Creator before proclaiming Darud
and supplications. Therefore, in lieu of Allahu Akbar and La Ilaha
Illallah, you may recite some other similar holy verses if you so desire.
After this, while uttering
Talbiyah, move forward to perform Tawaf of Ka’bah.
Tawaf means circling around something . Here it
means moving around Ka’bah seven times with extreme love and devotion.
- Preparation: Pass the upper sheet
of Ihram from underneath the right arm and put it on the left shoulder.
This act bares the right shoulder and is known as Iztaba. Ablutions (vudu)
is essential for tawaf. Reciting of Talbiyah is stopped when you reach
Hajar-e- Aswad, the starting point of tawaf.
- Niyyah (Intention): Stand in front
of Ka’bah facing Hajar-e-Aswad (the Black Stone) in such a way that the
whole Hajre-e-Aswad is on your right side. To achieve this end, you may
get help from the black stripe on the floor. This stripe should be on your
right side. Then without raising your hands make Niyyah (intention) for
Umrah:
" O Allah, I perform Tawaf of Umrah to please You. Make it easy
for me and accept it from me."
- Istilam: Now moving towards right,
come in front of Hajar-e-Aswad and kiss it if possible, or touch it with a
stick and kiss the stick; if that also is not possible, raise your hands
to your ears keeping your open
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palms towards Hajre-e-Aswad and say:
" Bismillahi Allahu Akbar Wa Lilla Hil
Hamd"
and drop your hands down. Now point the palms of your
hands again towards Hajar-e- Aswad and kiss them. This act of kissing
Hajar-e-Aswad or pointing towards it is called Istilam.
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- Tawaf Starts: After Istilam, turn
right and start tawaf counter clockwise.
WARNING
- The authorities often apply perfume to Hajar-e-Aswad, Rukn
Yamani and Multazam. If so, do not touch them while in the state of
Ihram, otherwise a dum will be required as a penalty.
- During tawaf, it is not permissible to face or turn your back
towards Ka’bah except when you are kissing or pointing towards
Hajar-e-Aswad.
- Ramal: For the first three circuits
of Tawaf of Umrah and Tawaf of Arrival, men are required to move their
shoulders and walk with quick short steps. This act is called Ramal and is
Sunnah. They walk normally during the remaining four circuits.
- Supplications of Tawaf: There are
no fixed supplications for tawaf but there are several recommended
supplications listed in the books of Hajj and Umrah out of which the
following supplication is easy to memorize:
"Subhan-Allah wal-hamdu-lillahi wa la ilaha ill-Allah wa-Allahu
Akbar wa la haula wa la quwwata illa-billah."
If you don’t remember these words, you may glorify Allah by
repeatedly uttering:
Subhan Allah,
Al-Hamdu lilla,
Allahu Akbar,
La Ilaha Illallah, etc.
The Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) has said that there are two
kalimahs that are light on tongue and (on the day of judgment) they weigh heavy
on the scale (Mizan) and are liked by Allah. These kalimahs are:
Subhan Allah Wabe Hamde hi Subhan Allah Hil Azeem (Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmizi)
You may also use supplications used in the daily Salah or you may
seek forgiveness of Allah and ask Him whatever you wish in your own language.
- Hatim: Hatim is a semi-circular half-built
portion which was originally a part of the Ka’bah but which could not be
included in the main structure when the Ka’bah was rebuilt. It is
obligatory to go around Hatim also while performing tawaf.
- Rukn Yamani and its Supplications:
After passing the three corners of the Ka’bah you reach the fourth corner
known as Rukn Yamani. Touch it with both hands or with right hand. There
is a beautiful supplication to be used while walking between Rukn Yamani
and Hajar-e-Aswad:
"Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil-akhirati hasanatan wa
qina azabin-nar."
Our beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) has repeatedly recited this
supplication. The first circuit is complete when you reach Hajar-e-Aswad.
- Seven Circuits: At Hajar-e-Aswad,
start the second circuit by kissing it or pointing towards it as you
started the first circuit, i.e., come in front of Hajar-e-Aswad, raise
both hands to your ears with open palms towards it and say:
" Bismillahi Allahu Akbar Wa Lillah Hil Hamd
Now kiss both palms and drop your hands. After this go around Ka’bah
as you did before and similarly complete the seven circuits.
- The End of Tawaf: At the end of
seven circuits, do Istilam of Hajar-e- Aswad or point towards it eighth
time which is Sunnat Mu’akidah. Also say:
"Bismillahi Allahu Akbar Wa Lillah Hill Hamd"
- Iztaba Finished : Now Iztaba is
finished, therefore, you cover your both shoulders with upper portion of
the Ihram sheet. This does not apply to women.
- Multazam: Now, come to Multazam
which is a place five or six feet in length between Hajar-e-Aswad and the
door of Ka’bah. This is a highly sacred place where prayers are accepted.
Among a large crowd of people, if it is possible to reach Multazam, cling
to it pressing your chest and cheeks, and while trembling and crying with devotion
and with all humility seek Allah’s mercy, His blessings and ask Him
whatever you wish. If you are unable to come close to Multazam, just face
towards it and supplicate from a distance.
- Maqam Ibrahim: Next offer two
rakahs of nafls behind and close to Maqam Ibrahim without covering
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your head. If it is zawal time when sajdah is not
allowed, you have to wait till this undesirable time is passed and then offer
prayers.
In the niyyah (intention), say that you are
offering 2 rakahs of nafls wajib al- tawaf. Recite Qul ya ayya hal kafroon in
the first rakah and Qulhu wallah in the second rakah. After this, supplicate
to Allah in Arabic or in your own language. Ask Him whatever you wish and
invoke His blessings.
If it is not possible to offer this obligatory
prayer near Maqam Ibrahim, it can be offered anywhere in Mataf, or in Hatim
or anywhere in Masjid al-Haram or even at any place in Haram of Makkah.
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- Zamzam: Now go to Zamzam well
situated in the basement of the Haram about 200 feet from the Ka’bah’s
door. There are separate portions for men and women. Zamzam is the best
available water in the world. Drink this water to fill while in standing
position saying Bismillah. Then supplicate to Allah:
"Allahummah inni as’aluka ilm-an naafi’an wa rizqan waasi’an wa
shifa’am min kulli daa’in."
(O Allah! I implore Thee for beneficial knowledge, for vast provisions, and for
cure from every disease.)
The literal meaning of Sa’ey is to run or to make
effort, but as a Hajj and Umrah term, Sa’ey denotes
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walking back and forth seven times between the hills
of Safa and Marwah which are situated to the south and north of the Ka’bah
respectively. Now there are only signs of these hills and the whole route
between them is enclosed in a long gallery.
Sa’ey has a historical background. Prophet
Abraham left his wife Hazrat Hajra and infant son Hazrat Ismael in the
wilderness of Makkah at the command of Allah. The mother and son lived for
five days on the food and water they had when the water was completely
finished. The mother ran frantically seven times between the hills of Safa
and Marwah in
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search of water for her son. Suddenly the fountain
of Zamzam oozed miraculously near the feet of Hazrat Ismael. Sa’ey is included
in the rites of Hajj and Umrah to commemorate this event of search and
struggle.
- Istilam of Hajar-e-Aswad. Before
starting Sa’ey, do Istilam of Hajar-e-Aswad again the ninth time or point
towards it, saying:
"Bismillahi Allahu Akbar Wa Lillah Hil Hamad."
Now Proceed towards Safa. It is a Sunnah to be in the state of
ablutions during Sa’ey.
- Start of Sa’ey at Safa. Climb the
hill of Safa and make intention (niyyah) for Sa’ey:
" O Allah! I perform Sa’ey between Safa and Marwah to please
You. Make it easy for me
and accept it from me."
Now recite:
"Inn-as-Safa wal-Marwah min Sha’a’irillah."
(Indeed Safa and Marwah are among the Signs of Allah.)
After this climb Safa to the point from where you can see the
Ka’bah, then facing the Ka’bah raise your hands in supplication, say Allahu
Akbar three times and recite the following supplication or ask Allah
whatever you wish:
"La ilaha ill-Allahu wahdahu la Sharika lahu, lahul-mulku wa
lahul-hamdu wa ‘ala kulli shai’in Qadeer."
If you don’t remember this, you may use the supplication recited
earlier during Tawaf:
"Bismillahi Allahu Akbar Wa Lillah Hill Hamd"
- Proceed towards Marwah. Come down
from Safa and move towards Marwah while reciting this supplication:
"Subhan-Allah wal-hamdu-lillahi wa la ilaha ill-Allah wa-Allahu
Akbar wa la haula wa la quwwata illa-billa."
If you don’t remember this supplication also, recite Subhan
Allah, Alhamdu Lillah, Allahu Akbar repeatedly and keep moving. You may
also praise Allah and ask for His mercy in your language or use supplications
taken from the daily Salah. When you reach two green pillars between which men
have to run but the women walk with their normal pace.
- At Marwah. When on top of marwah,
praise Allah facing the Ka’bah and repeat the same supplications that were
recited at Safa. One trip is over, second trip will be on Safa and third
trip will be on Marwah.
- End of Sa’ey. In the same way, the
seventh trip will end at Marwah. In all trips the men will run between the
green pillars but the women will walk in a normal way.
- Two raka’at Nafl. If it is not an
undesirable (Makrooh) time, offer two raka’ats of nafl in the
al-Haram.
- Shaving or clipping of hair. After
Sa’ey, men should get their heads completely shaved or get their hair
clipped to the length of the upper third of their finger or a little more.
Both shaving and clipping are permissible for men, though shaving is
preferable. Women are, however, allowed to have a lock of their hair
clipped. They are forbidden to shave their heads.
- Umrah is complete. After cutting
the hair, umrah is complete. The restrictions of Ihram are finished. Now
wear your everyday clothes and lead a normal life. Be thankful to Allah
that He provided the opportunity for performing Umrah and lead rest of
your life according to the commands of your Creator.
NAFL TAWAF
You may perform Umrah as often as you want according to the above procedure.
And if you want to perform just a nafl Tawaf, follow the same procedure,
however, in a nafl Tawaf there is no Ihram, no Ramal, no Iztaba and even no Sa’ey.
PERFORMANCE
OF HAJJ
(STEP BY STEP)
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Red color is the symbol of Fard the
performance of which is imperative otherwise Hajj and Umrah will be invalid.
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Orange color is the symbol of Wajib the
performance of which is obligatory otherwise Dam is required as a
penalty.
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Green color stand for Sunnah or Mustahab
(desirable). Try to perform these acts but no Dam is required if not
done.
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White color is a symbol indicating general
instructions.
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8 Zil Hijjah--First Day of Hajj
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Hajj
Preparations
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The date 8 Zil Hijjah starts after the Maghrib
prayer of 7 Zil Hijjah. Complete all the Hajj preparations during these night
hours.
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Preparations
for Ihram
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Comb your hair, shape the beard, trim your mustache,
cut your nails, and remove unwanted body hair.
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Bath
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Take a bath with the intention of Ihram otherwise do wudu.
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Ihram
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Men should wear a sheet of white cloth around the
waist and cover the upper body with the other sheet. Women's ordinary clothes
are their Ihram. Both should wear the flip-flops (hawai chappal) so
that the middle bones of the upper part of the feet are not covered.
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Nafl Salah
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If it is not makruh (undesirable) time, men
offer two rakahs of nafl for Ihram in the Haram Sharif by covering their
heads. Women can offer these nafls at home.
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Intention
and
Talbiyah
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Now uncover your head and declare your intention
saying:
"O Allah! I intend to perform Hajj. Please make
it easy for me and accept it from me. Amen."
Immediately after that utter the words of
Talbiyah three times and as often afterwards as possible. Men should say it
in a loud voice but women should say it in a subdued tone.
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Prohibitions
of Ihram
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Now the prohibitions of Ihram start. Recall their
detail and follow the rules. From this point on men cannot cover their heads
for the duration of Ihram.
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Departure to
Mina
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After the sunrise proceed towards Mina. On the way,
pronounce Talbiyah as often as you can and also utter other supplications.
But it is ok to follow the procedure of your Mu'allim who usually
arranges for hajis to leave for Mina during the night after Isha
prayers.
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In Mina
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In Mina offer Zuhar, Asr, Maghrib
and Isha prayers. Spend that night in Mina and on 9 Zil Hijjah, offer Fajr
prayer there.
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9 Zil Hijjah--Second Day of Hajj
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Departure
for Arafat
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Offer Fajr prayer in Mina, say Takbir Tashriq (Allah-u
Akbar, Allah-u Akbar La Ilaha ill-Allah wa-Allah-u Akbar, Allah-u Akbar wa
Lillah-il-hamd) and Talbiyah. Get ready and reach Arafat by zawal
(declining of the sun).
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Bath
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Take a bath, if possible, otherwise perform wudu and
have meals. Packages of food are usually provided by the Mu'allim. Also take
some rest.
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Waquf-e-Arafat
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Waquf is started at the beginning of zawal (declining
of the sun) and ends at the sunset. Spend this time uttering Talbiyah, repent
on your sins, seek forgiveness and mercy of Allah, say Darud Sharif
and utter all the supplications (du'as) in Arabic and in your own
language. It is better to do Waquf while standing but sitting down is also
allowed.
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Zuhr and
Asr Prayers
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In Masjid-e-Namrah, the imam leads Zuhr and
Asr prayers, combined and shortened, at Zuhr time with one adhan but
separate iqamahs. At other places in Arafat, some people similarly
combine these two salats. But it is advisable that away from Masjid-e-Namrah,
offer them at their proper times with jama'at as recommended by
the most scholars.
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Departure for
Muzdalifah
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When the sun sets in in Arafat, proceed to Muzdalifah
without offering Maghrib prayer reciting Zikr and Talbiyah on the way.
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Maghrib
and
Isha Prayers
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In Muzdalifah offer Maghrib and Isha prayers together
at Isha time. For both prayers there is one adhan and one iqamah.
- First offer Fard prayer of Maghrib with jama'at.
Then say Takbir Tashriq and Talbiyah.
- Immediately after that offer Fard prayer of Isha
with jama'at.
- After this offer two Sunnah of Maghrib.
- Then offer two Sunnah of Isha followed by Witr
prayer.
- Offering Nafl prayer is optional.
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Zikr and Du'a
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This is a very blessed night in which glorify Allah,
recite Darud Sharif, read Quran, utter Talbiyah and supplicate very humbly.
Also take some rest.
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Pebbles
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Pick up forty-nine pebbles of the size of big grams
(chick peas) if Rami is to be performed for three days and seventy if
for four days.
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Fajr Prayer
and Waquf
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At the Fajr time after two rakah Sunnah, offer Fard
prayer with jama'at. then perform waquf.
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Return to
Mina
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Proceed to Mina when the sun is about to rise.
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10 Zil Hijjah--Third Day of Hajj
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Rami of
Jamrah Aqabah
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In Mina, hit Jamrah Aqabah with seven pebbles one
after the other. On account of risk to life, the old, weak or sick persons
can perform Rami a little before sunset or at night.
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Stop
Talbiyah
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Stop saying Talbiyah when you throw the first pebble.
Also don't stop for du'a. Just go to your residence and do Qurbani (animal
sacrifice).
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Qurbani
(Animal Sacrifice)
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There are three days designated for qurbani,
i.e., 10, 11 or 12 Zil Hijjah. It can be done any time during day or night.
It is usually easy to sacrifice an animal on 11 Zil Hijjah. Do qurbani
yourself or ask a reliable person to do it for you.
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Halq or Qasr
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After qurbani men should preferably get their whole
head shaved (Halq) but it is permissible to cut the hair (Qasr) of their
whole head equal in length to a joint of a finger (about an inch). It is also
permissible to cut the hair (about an inch) of one fourth of the head. A
woman is prohibited to shave her head. She can cut about an inch long hair of
one fourth of her head. But according to some scholars it is sufficient for a
woman to have a lock of her hair clipped.
- If the sacrifice is postponed till the next two
days, Halq or Qasr is also postponed because it comes after the
sacrifice.
- Halq or Qasr can be done at any time up to the
12 of Zil Hijjah even if the sacrifice is not postponed. After Halq or
Qasr all prohibitions of Ihram are lifted except the private relations
between husband and wife which are permissible after Tawaf-e-Ziarah.
- Halq or Qasr in Mina is a Sunnah. But you are
allowed to do it anywhere in Haram. If done outside the precincts of
Haram, it requires a Dam.
- You have to make sure that Rami, sacrifice and
shaving or clipping of the hair are performed in the order in which they
are listed otherwise a Dam is required as a penalty.
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Tawaf-e-Ziarat
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Now perform Tawaf-e-Ziarat. It can be performed any
time, day or night, from 10 Zil Hijjah to the sunset of 12 Zil Hijjah.
Usually it is convenient to do it on 11 Zil Hijjah. Its procedure is similar
to that of Tawaf of Umrah and it is essential that you have performed wudu.
According to Sunnah this tawaf is to be performed after Rami, sacrifice and
shaving or clipping of the hair, and every effort should be made to do that,
but the Fard stands discharged even if Tawaf-e-Ziarat is performed prior to
all these practices. As mentioned earlier, Halq or Qasr after Qurbani lifts
all the prohibitions of Ihram but the private relations between man and wife
are permitted only after this Tawaf.
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Sa'ey of Hajj
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After this perform Sa'ey. Its procedure is the same
as that of Sa'ey of Umrah. It is a Sunnah to make sure that your wudu
is intact
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Return to
Mina
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Return to Mina when Sa'ey is done and spend the night
there.
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11 Zil Hijjah--Fourth Day of Hajj
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Rami
of Jamrarat
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Throw seven pebbles on each of three Jamarat after zawal
(decline of the sun). Rami is usually easy a little before sunset and at
night. And it is permissible to do Rami at night if there is a risk to life.
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Supplicate
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Throw seven pebbles at Jamrah Oolah. Then move a
little forward. And with your hands raised and facing Qibla, praise
Allah and recite Arabic du'as or supplicate in your own words. There are no
prescribed du'as.
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Supplicate
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After this throw seven pebbles at Jamrah Wustah. Here
too facing Qiblah, praise Allah and earnestly seek his mercy and blessings.
No particular du'a is prescribed here either.
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Do not
supplicate
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Then throw seven pebbles on Jamrah Aqabah. But this
time do not supplicate at all, after Rami just return to your place.
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Second chance
for Tawaf
of Ziarah
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If you could not do Tawaf-e-Ziarah yesterday, do it
today and return to Mina for overnight stay.
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Zikr and
Ibadah
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At your residence, recite Quran, glorify Allah,
repent on your sins, and seek forgiveness. Ask Allah whatever you want and
don't commit any sin.
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12 Zil Hijjah--Fifth Day of Hajj
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Rami
of Jamrarat
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Throw seven pebbles on each of three Jamarat after zawal
(decline of the sun). Rami is usually easy a little before sunset and at
night. And it is permissible to do Rami at night if there is a risk to life.
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Supplicate
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Throw seven pebbles at Jamrah Oolah. Then move a
little forward. And with your hands raised and facing Qibla, praise
Allah and recite Arabic du'as or supplicate in your own words. There are no
prescribed du'as.
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Supplicate
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After this throw seven pebbles at Jamrah Wustah. And
facing Qiblah, glorify Allah, recite Darud Sharif and supplicate earnestly
for whatever you desire. There is no du'a prescribed for this occassion.
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Do not
supplicate
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Then throw seven pebbles on Jamrah Aqabah and come
back to your residence without any du'a.
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Last
chance for Tawaf
of Ziarah
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If you could not do Tawaf-e-Ziarah earlier, it is
essential to do it today before Maghrib.
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Option
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After today's Rami, you have the option to return to
Makkah before sunset. But if the sun sets before you are able to depart, remain
in Mina for the third night and throw pebbles the next day in the same order.
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Tawaf-e-Wida
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After Hajj, when you intend to return to your country
from Makkah, it is Wajib (obligatory) to perform Tawaf-e-Wida
(Farewell Tawaf). Its procedure is the same as that of a Nafl Tawaf.
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VISITING
MADINAH
(A Journey of
Love)
Magnificent View of The Prophet's Mosque
To visit Madinah is not a Hajj or Umrah rite, but the unique merits
of the Prophet’s city, his Mosque and his sacred tomb attract every pilgrim to
visit it. There is no Ihram nor talbiyah for the visit to Madinah or the Prophet’s
Mosque.
Unique Merit of the Prophet’s
Mosque. The Prophet (peace be upon him) himself
participated in the construction of this mosque, called it "My
Mosque" and led prayers in it for years. He has also said that a salah
performed in the Prophet’s Mosque is better than a thousand salats in
any other place except Masjid al-Haram in Makkah.
According to Hazrat Anas, the Prophet (peace be
upon him) has also said:
"The person who offers 40 prayers consecutively
in my Mosque, without missing a prayer in between, will secure immunity from
the fire of Hell and other torments and also from hypocrisy." (Musnad Ahmad)
Visiting the Holy Tomb. It is a great privilege for the pilgrims to visit our beloved
Prophet’s tomb. The Prophet (peace be upon him) once said:
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"The person who comes solely for the purpose
of paying a visit to my grave, has a right on me that I should intercede for
him." (‘Ilm al-Fiqh, Vol. V)
And he has also said:
"The person who performs Hajj and then visits
my Tomb, will be regarded as though he had seen me in my worldly life." (Baihaqi)
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- Travel to Madinah and Niyyah. When
you start travel to Madinah, Make niyyah (intention) as such:
" O Allah! I start journey to visit the holy tomb of Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him). Please accept it from me."
During this journey, recite Darud Sharif frequently. When the city
of Madinah is in sight, show your extreme fondness and excitement and humbly
enter the city while reciting Darud and Salam.
- Masjid-e-Nabvi. After putting your
luggage at your residence, take a bath or perform ablutions (vudu),
wear nice dress, apply perfume and proceed towards the Prophet’s Mosque
while uttering Darud.
- Bab-e-Jibril. Enter the mosque
through Bab-e-Jibril or Bab-us-Salaam or if this is not possible, enter
through any other door.
- Right Foot. Place your right foot
first in the entrance, praise Allah (such as say Allhu Akbar, Subhan
Allah, Alhamdu Lillah, etc.), recite Darud and say:
"Allah humma aftah li abwabe rahamte ka"
- Two Raka’t Nafl. If it is not
undesirable (Makrooh) time, offer two rakahs of nafl tahiyyat
al-masjid (greeting of the masjid) preferably in Riaz al-Jannah near
the tomb of the Prophet or otherwise anywhere else in the mosque.
- In front of the Holy Tomb.
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1. The Holy
Prophet
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2.
Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddique
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3.
Hadrat Umar Farooq
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8.
In front
of the sacred tomb of The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), there are three
sections of brass screens and all three have holes in them. Look at the picture
carefully. If you stand in front of the middle section between the pillars,
you'll see a big round hole on your left. This is in front of the face of the
Holy Prophet. Adjacent to it is a door that stays closed. Right after it on the
right side is a round hole which is in front of the face of Hadrat Abu Bakr
Siddique. On the right of it, there is another round hole which is in front of
the face of Hadrat Umar Farooq.
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Here is an enlarged view of the screen in front of
the sacred face of our beloved Prophet (peace be upon him). Standing in front
of it and facing it, say in a respectful and hushed voice:
"Assalamu alaika, ayyuhan-nabiyya wa
rahmatul-lahi wa barakatuhu"
(Peace be on you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah.)
After this say:
"Assalatu was-salamu alaika ya Rasul-Allah"
"Assalatu was-salamu alaika ya Nabi-yallah"
"Assalatu was-salamu alaika ya Habib-Allah"
Then supplicate to Allah for good things in this life
and the life after death. You may use the same supplication recited earlier
during the Tawaf :
"Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan wa
fil-akhirati hasanatan wa qina azabin nar."
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- Offer Salam of others. Now offer
salam of relatives or friends in your own language or say:
"Asslamu alaika ya Rasul Allah min----."
After the word "min", add the name of your friend or
relative.
- Salam on Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique.
Then move a little to the right and stand before the grave of Hazrat Abu
Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Greet him and supplicate to bestow
His mercy and forgiveness on him.
- Salam on Hazrat Umar Farooq. Again
move a little to the right before the grave of Hazrat Umar ( may Allah be
pleased with him), and greet him and make supplication for him.
- Forty Prayers. Men should offer
forty prayers (Salat) in the Prophet's Mosque, but it is not a
requirement of any kind. It is only Mustahab, i.e., rewarding if
done, but if not done there is no sin.
- Other places to visit. Some of the
other important places to visit are: Masjid Quba, Jannat al-Baqee, graves
of Hazrat Hamzah and other
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martyrs of Uhud (may Allah be pleased with them) and
Masjid Qiblatain, etc.
Among them Masjid Quba is the most
important. It is the first mosque in the history of Islam whose foundation
stone was laid down by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) himself on his
migration to Madinah. To offer 2 raka'ats of nafl in it is equal to one
Umrah. After visiting the Prophet’s Mosque and his tomb every pilgrim should
try his best to visit it and pray in this mosque as well.
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- Departure from Madinah. When you
have to leave Madinah, offer your Salam again to the Prophet (peace
be upon him), cry at this separation, supplicate to Allah and leave with
the earnest desire to come back.
Advice
and Guidelines for those Performing Hajj
Author:Shaikh
Muhammad Ibn Jameel Zaynoo
Source:Al-Asaalah Magazine Issue 11 (pg. 45-47)
Translator:isma'eel alarcon
http://www.al-ibaanah.com
Know, my fellow
brother, that there are certain etiquettes to the Hajj, which one must abide by
and adorn himself with, such as:
1. Maintain
cleanliness in your clothes, your tent, the place where you stay, and in your
food and drink. This is because keeping clean will aid in preserving your
health and in repelling sicknesses.
2. Beware of
dropping filth or spoiled food in the roads that people use, for it will cause
those performing Hajj to be bothered, and it will cause diseases to spread. So
one must remove harmful objects from the road and put them in their proper
place (i.e. garbage).
3. Bear the
harm that comes from your neighbors with patience, and do not (let that cause
you to) harm any of your brothers. Instead, repel their harm in a manner that
is better, such as by using kind words.
4. Avoid sexual
relations, committing sins, arguing and debating with falsehood, so that your
Hajj can be accepted. Listen to the words of Allaah: “So whoever intends to
perform Hajj therein (in the months of Hajj), then he must NOT have sexual
relations, nor commit sin, nor debate unjustly during Hajj.” [Surah Al-Baqarah:
197] And the Prophet (saws) said: “Whoever goes to Hajj and he does not have sexual
relations in it nor does he commit sin, he returns back (from Hajj) like the
day when his mother gave birth to him (i.e. free from sins).” [Reported by
Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]
5. Be lenient
in your buying and selling, and show good manners. And do not deal with anyone
in a manner that he is not pleased with.
6. Beware of
smoking, displaying bad manners and insulting others, for reviling a Muslim is
sinfulness and fighting against him is disbelief.
7. Do not waste
your time in the market places – buying and selling – or in gossiping with the
“he said/she said” talk.
8. Be gentle
with those around you when performing Tawaaf, kissing the Stone, the Sa’ee, and
when throwing the stones (Ramee) and so on. This is from the gentleness
that is required, for Allaah’s Messenger (saws) said: “Whoever is deprived of
gentleness, he is deprived of all kinds of good.” [Reported in Saheeh Muslim]
9. Do not raise
your voice out loud when making du’aa (supplication) during Tawaaf, because it
disturbs the others making Tawaaf.
10. Do not push
and shove people, especially when kissing the Black Stone. If it is too crowded
and there is too much shoving, it is enough for you to just point in its
direction. And when casting the stones (Ramee), it is not permissible
for you to use large stones, because this has been forbidden in the religious
texts and because it will cause harm to those standing (in front of you). Also,
do not throw your shoes (instead of rocks) – as some ignorant people do – for
this is a reprehensible act! Avoid touching the glass surrounding the Prophet’s
grave, and avoid touching the walls of the Ka’abah. Rather what is to be
touched and kissed from it is (only) the Black Stone. The Yemeni Corner is also
touched. [1]
11. You must
shave your head or cut your hair very short when in the state of Hill
(out of Ihraam), but beware of shaving the beard off, for that is forbidden
according to the unanimous agreement of the scholars. Allaah says: “…with (the
hair on) their heads shaven or cut short…” Allaah’s Messenger (saws) said:
“Trim the moustaches and leave the beards to grow – Do the opposite of the
Majoos.” {Reported by Muslim]
12. Beware of
supplicating and calling out to other than Allaah, such as calling to deceased
people or others not present. This is from the types of Shirk that Allaah has
forbidden in His saying: “And do not call besides Allaah that which can neither
bring you benefit nor cause you harm. If you do that, then you will be from the
wrong-doers.” What is meant by “wrong-doers” in this ayah are the polytheists
(those who commit shirk). If a Muslim commits Shirk, his good deeds become
nullified and his Hajj is lost, as Allaah says: “And if you commit Shirk, We
will surely cancel out your good deeds and you will indeed be from the losers.”
[Surah Az-Zumar: 65]
13. Beware of Riyaa,
which is doing a deed for the sake of being seen or heard. An example of this
when someone goes to Hajj so that it can be said of him “Hajji so and so.” The
title Hajji (or Al-Hajj in Arabic) was not a term that was known to the
righteous predecessors (Salaf as-Saalih), so we cannot hear from any of them
that he said about his brother “Hajji so and so.” Rather, this is from the
innovations of those in recent times. So have sincerity in your Hajj and say as
Allaah’s Messenger (saws) said: “O Allaah, (this is) a Hajj with no riyaa or
sam’ah in it.” [2]
14. Increase in
your recitation of the Qur’aan and acting on what is in it, your performing of
Tawaaf, your sending of Salaat on the Prophet. And make a lot of supplication,
especially at night, because Allaah’s Messenger (saws) said: “Whoever wakes in
the night and says when he awakens: ‘Laa Ilaaha IllAllaah wahdahu laa
shareeka lahu. Lahul-Mulk wa lahul-Hamd wa Huwa ‘alaa Kulli shay’in Qadeer.
SubhaanAllaah wal-Hamdu Lillaah wa Laa Ilaaha IllAllah wa-Allaahu Akbar wa laa
Hawla wa laa Quwata Illaa Billaah.’[3] And then he says: ‘Allaahumma
Ighfir Lee’ or some supplication, he will be answered. And if he makes
ablution and prays, his prayer will be accepted.” [Saheeh Al-Bukhaaree]
Footnotes:
[1]
Translator’s Note: The Prophet (saws) said: “Touching the Black Stone and the
Yemeni Corner removes sins.” [Reported by At-Timrimidhee and Ibn Khuzaimah and
authenticated by Al-Albaanee in his book on Hajj.
[2]
Translator’s Note: Riyaa means doing deeds to be seen and Sam’ah means doing
deeds to be heard.
[3]
Translator’s Note: This means: “There is no deity worthy of worship except
Allaah – alone and with no partner. To Him belongs the Dominion and the Praise
and He is Able over all things. Glory be to Allaah, all praise be to Allaah,
and there is no deity worthy of worship except Allaah. And there is no movement
nor power except by Allaah’s permission.” The next phrase means: “O Allaah,
forgive me.”
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